Georg Friedrich Händel (1685-1759) was a Baroque composer renowned for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions. Born in Halle, Germany, Händel showed an early talent for music. At an early age, Handel taught himself to play both harpsichord and pipe organ. Despite his father's wishes for him to study law, he pursued music and began his career as a composer and violinist. At age 18, he moved to Hamburg, where he composed his first operas, including 'Almira' (1705).
In 1706, Händel traveled to Italy, where he composed Italian operas and oratorios, significantly influencing his musical style. After returning to Germany in 1710, he became Conductor (Kapellmeister) to the Elector of Hanover, a German nobleman who was also the heir to the throne of England and became the crowned King George I in 1714, after the death of the childless Queen Anne. Händel also moved to London, where he settled permanently. There, Händel gained fame with his Italian operas such as 'Rinaldo' (1711), 'Giulio Cesare' (1724), and 'Alcina' (1735).
However, the decline in popularity of Italian opera in London led Händel to focus on English oratorios. His most famous work, 'Messiah' (1742), became one of the most celebrated choral works in Western music. Händel composed over 30 oratorios, including 'Samson' (1743), 'Judas Maccabaeus' (1747), and 'Solomon' (1749). He also wrote orchestral music, including the 'Water Music' (1717) and 'Music for the Royal Fireworks' (1749). Handel’s beloved Water Music was composed at the request of King George I to entertain guests at a party held on barges on the Thames River. It is said that the king loved the music so much, that he commanded it to be played three times that evening.
Händel's music was known for its dramatic flair, melodic inventiveness, and grand choruses. He became a naturalized British citizen in 1727, and despite suffering from blindness in his later years, he continued to compose. Händel died in London in 1759 and was buried in Westminster Abbey with full honors. Messiah was played at his funeral. A number of charities were the beneficiaries of Händel's estate..
His music, particularly his oratorios, remains a cornerstone of the Baroque repertoire with 'Messiah' becoming a landmark in music history.